LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK

Di

PT. MITRA PINASTHIKA MUSTIKA RENT

ANALISA DAN MAINTENANCE DIESEL ENGINE

Disusun Oleh :

Nama            : Erin Saprudin

NIM              : 2010-030-104

Jurusan         : Teknik Mesin

Mengetahui

Tangerang,  Februari 2014

Telah diperiksa dan disetujui

Ketua program studi Teknik Mesin                            Pembimbing Instansi

 (Ir. Djuhana, M.Si.)                                          (Dedi Suryaman, ST)

Dekan Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Pamulang

Ir. Dadang Kurnia, MM

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK

Di

PT. MITRA PINASTHIKA MUSTIKA RENT

ANALISA DAN MAINTENANCE DIESEL ENGINE

Disusun Oleh :

Nama              : Erin Saprudin

NIM                : 2010-030-104

Jurusan          : Teknik Mesin

Mengetahui

Tangerang,  Februari 2014

Telah diperiksa dan disetujui

Kepala Bengkel                                                        Pembimbing Lapangan

PT. MPM RENT                                                            PT. MPM RENT  

 (Bpk. M. Rofiq)                                                               (Bpk. Bagio)

KATA PENGANTAR

Asalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. Karena dengan rahmat dan karunia-Nyalah sehingga Penyusunan Laporan  ini telah dapat diselesaikan.

Laporan ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk Mengikuti Tugas Akhir. Kegiatan Kerja Praktek (KP) ini dilaksanakan sebagai syarat dalam kelulusan.

Laporan ini disusun berdasarkan data yang sesungguhnya yang penulis dapatkan selama melaksanakan kerja praktek di PT. Mitra Pinasthika Mustika Rent   ( MPM RENT ) dengan judul :

“Analisa dan perawatan pada mesin diesel mobil TOYOTA FORTUNER”

         Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan  Laporan Kerja Prektek ini tidak lepas dari dukungan berbagai pihak, oleh karna itu pada kesempatan ini  penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada :

1.      Bapak Dr. H. Dayat Hidayat, MM selaku rektor Universitas Pamulang.

2.      Bapak Ir. Dadang Kurnia, MM selaku dekan fakultas teknik Universitas Pamulang.

3.      Bapak Ir.Djuhana,M.Si, selaku Kepala Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Pamulang.

4.      Bapak Dedi Suryaman, ST selaku dosen pembimbing materi

5.      Seluruh dosen, staf pengajar, serta karyawan di Fakultas Teknik Universitas  Pamulang atas pengajaran serta bimbingan dalam memberikan berbagai ilmu dan pengetahuan.

6.      Bapak M. Rofiq, selaku KA-BENG. di PT. MITRA PINASTHIKA MUSTIKA RENT.

7.      Bapak Bagio, selaku Pembimbing di PT. MITRA PINASTHIKA MUSTIKA RENT.

8.      Rekan-rekan semua mekanik di PT. MITRA PINASTHIKA MUSTIKA RENT.

9.      Rekan-rekan semua semester VII UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG.

10.  Secara khusus penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada keluarga tercinta yang telah memberikan dorongan dan bantuan serta pengertian yang besar kepada penulis.

Wasalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb                                               

                                                                                            

                                                                        TANGERANG,  FEBRUARI 2014

Erin Saprudin

DAFTAR ISI

PROFIL PENULIS

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN UNIVERSITAS ........................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PERUSAHAAN .......................................................... ii

DAFTAR DATA PENILAIAN

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................... ii

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GRAFIK ....................................................................................................... xi

BAB I    PENDAHULUAN

1.1       .. Latar Belakang Praktek ................................................................................... 1

1.2......... Pembahasan Pokok .......................................................................................... 1

1.3......... Tujuan .............................................................................................................. 2

1.4       .. Tujuan Kerja  Praktek ...................................................................................... 2

1.5......... Sasaran Kerja Praktek ...................................................................................... 2

1.6......... Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 3

1.7......... Pembatasan Masalah ........................................................................................ 3

1.8......... Manfaat ............................................................................................................ 3

1.9......... Lingkup Kerja Praktek ..................................................................................... 4

1.10       Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaaan Kerja Praktek ............................................. 4

1.11....... Tahapan Pelaksanaan Kerja Praktek ................................................................ 4

1.12       Kerangka dan Sitematika Laporan Praktek ..................................................... 5

BAB II . DESKRIPSI PERUSAHAAN

2.1       .. Sejarah perusahaan ........................................................................................... 7

2.2......... Visi dan Misi perusahaan ................................................................................. 8

2.3       .. Organisasi dan Manajemen Perusahaan ........................................................... 9

2.4......... Kebijakan K3L (Keselamatan, Kesehatan Kerja & Lingkungan) .................... 11

2.4     .... Stuktur bagan (tugas-tugas dan fungsi dari pada struktur tersebut) ................ 12

BAB III DASAR TEORI

3.1       .. Sejarah Motor Diesel ....................................................................................... 19

3.2......... Type Mesin Diesel ........................................................................................... 20

3.3......... Prinsip Kerja Mesin Diesel ............................................................................... 21

3.4......... Langkah Kerja Mesin Diesel ............................................................................ 23

3.5......... Mengontrol Output Mesin Diesel .................................................................... 24

               3.5.1    Bagian Penting Saat Pemeliharaan ...................................................... 25

3.6          Siklus Pembakaran ........................................................................................... 25

               3.6.1    Siklus Pembakaran Dan Temperature .................................................. 25

               3.6.2    Mudah Terbakarnya Mesin Diesel ....................................................... 26

               3.6.3    Proses Pembakaran Mesin Diesel ......................................................... 27

3.7          Knocking Diesel .............................................................................................. 28

               3.7.1    Cara Mengatasi Diesel Knocking ........................................................ 28

               3.7.2    Untuk Mencegah Knocking ................................................................. 29

               3.7.3    Perbandingan Antara Diesel dan Bensin (knocking ............................ 29

3.8          Kesempurnaan Mesin ....................................................................................... 30

               3.8.1    Metode Pengerasan Plastic – Region ................................................... 30

               3.8.2    Pelapis Silinder (Cylinder Liner) .......................................................... 31

3.9          Cylinder Head Gasket ..................................................................................... 31

3.10        Piston .............................................................................................................. 31

3.11        Piston Ring ...................................................................................................... 32

3.12        Mekanisme Katup ............................................................................................ 32

3.13        Sistem Pelumasan ............................................................................................ 33

               3.13.1  Oil Cooler ............................................................................................ 33

               3.13.2  Oil Nozzle ............................................................................................ 34

3.14        Priming Pump .................................................................................................. 34

               3.14.1  Membuang Udara Dari System ........................................................... 35

3.15        Glow Pulg ........................................................................................................ 36

               3.15.1  Glow Plug Type Self Temperature Controlling ................................... 37

3.16        Fuel System Of Diesel Engine ......................................................................... 37

               3.16.1  Pompa Injeksi ...................................................................................... 39

               3.16.2  Feed Pump ........................................................................................... 40

               3.16.3  Fuel Cut Off Solenoid ......................................................................... 41

3.17        Turbocharger .................................................................................................... 41

               3.17.1  Motor Bakar Dengan Turbocharger ..................................................... 41

BAB IV PEMBAHASAN

4.1          Diesel Engine ................................................................................................... 43

               4.1.1    Perbedaan Utama Mesin Diesel Dan Mesin Bensin ............................ 43

               4.1.2    3 Macam Siklus .................................................................................... 44

4.2          Pompa Injeksi Inline ........................................................................................ 44

               4.2.1    Spesifikasi Pompa ................................................................................ 44

               4.2.2    Persiapan Kerja .................................................................................... 44

                           4.2.2.1    Keselamatan Kerja ................................................................ 44

                           4.2.2.2    Alat Dan Bahan .................................................................... 44

               4.2.3    Langkah Pembongkaran ...................................................................... 45

               4.2.4    Langkah Pemeriksaan .......................................................................... 46

                           4.2.4.1    Pemeriksaan Pompa Pemindah ............................................. 46

                           4.2.4.2    Pemeriksaan Katup Pemberi (Delivery Valve) ...................... 47

                           4.2.4.3    Pemeriksaan Plunyer dan Silinder/Barrel ............................. 47

               4.2.5    Langkah Perakitan ............................................................................... 48

4.3          Turbocharge ..................................................................................................... 49

               4.3.1    Spesifikasi Turbocharge ....................................................................... 49

               4.3.2    Persiapan Kerja .................................................................................... 49

                           4.2.2.1    Keselamatan Kerja ................................................................ 49

                           4.3.2.2    Alat dan Bahan ..................................................................... 49

               4.3.3    Langkah Pembongkaran ...................................................................... 50

                           4.3.3.1    Sebelum Pembongkaran ........................................................ 50

                           4.3.3.2    Pembongkaran ...................................................................... 50

               4.3.4    Pemasangan ......................................................................................... 51

                           4.3.4.1    Hal-hal yang Perlu diperhatikan dalam Pemasangan ............ 52

               4.3.5    Hasil Pengamatan ................................................................................ 52

4.4          Pompa Pengalir ............................................................................................... 53

   4.4.1    Pembongkaran, Pemeriksaan dan Pemasangan Pompa Pengalir Tipe Plunger        53

   4.4.2    Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................... 53

   4.4.3    Keselamatan Kerja ............................................................................... 53

   4.4.4    Langkah Kerja ..................................................................................... 54

   4.4.5    Langkah Pemeriksaan dan Pengukuran ............................................... 54

   4.4.6    Langkah Pemasangan .......................................................................... 55

   4.4.7    Hasil Praktikum ................................................................................... 56

   4.4.8    Troubleshooting ................................................................................... 57

BAB IV........................................................................................................................... PENUTUP

4.1      .. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................ 58

4.2      .. Saran-saran ........................................................................................................ 59

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Gedung PT. Mitra Pinasthika Mustika Rent ............................. 7

Gambar 2.2 Presiden Director Koji Shima  ................................................. 8

Gambar 2.3 Board Of Commisionirs ........................................................... 9

Gambar 2.4 Diagram Struktur Organisasi PT. MPM RENT ....................... 18

Gambar 3.1 Rudolf Diesel ............................................................................ 19

Gambar 3.2 Mesin Diesel ............................................................................. 20

Gambar 3.3 Direct Injection Type ................................................................ 21

Gambar 3.4 Precombustion Chamber Type ................................................. 21

Gambar 3.6 Principle Of 4-Stroke Diesel Engine.......................................... 22

Gambar 3.7 Proses penginjeksian keruang bakar ........................................ 24

Gambar 3.12 Piston ...................................................................................... 31

Gambar 3.13 Piston Ring ............................................................................. 32

Gambar 3.14 Meknisme Katup Camshaft ..................................................... 32

Gambar 3.15 Valve Timing Diagram (2L Engine) ....................................... 33

Gambar 3.16 Oli Cooler ............................................................................... 33

Gambar 3.17 Priming Pump ........................................................................ 35

Gambar 3.18 Coventional Type .................................................................... 36

Gambar 3.19 self temperature controlling type ............................................ 37

Gambar 3.20 VE Type Injection Pump Fuel System .................................... 37

Gambar 3.21 IN-Line Type Injection Pump Fuel System ............................. 38

Gambar 3.22 Injektion Pump ....................................................................... 39

Gambar 3.23 Feed Pump ............................................................................. 40

Gambar 3.24 Fuel Cut Off Solenoid ............................................................. 41

Gambar 3.25 turbocharge ............................................................................ 42

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Perbandingan Mesin Bensin dan Mesin Diesel ............................. 22

Tabel 3.2 Karakteristik mesin diesel dan mesin bensin ................................. 24

Tabel 3.3 Metode Untuk Mencegah Knocking .............................................. 29

Tabel 4.1 Perbedaan Utama Mesin Diesel dan Mesin Bensin ...................... 44

Tabel 4.2 Hasil Praktikum ............................................................................ 56

Tabel 4.3 Pompa Penyalur ........................................................................... 58

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Gambar 3.8 Grafik Perbandingan Kompresi dan Temperatur .................... 25

Gambar 3.9 Grafik Proses Pembakaran Mesin Diesel ................................. 27

Gambar 3.10 Grafik Proses Pembakaran Mesin Diesel ............................... 29

Gambar 3.11 Grafik Metode Pengerasan Plastic – Region .......................... 30